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Thursday 22 September 2022

Blavatsky and the Theosophical Movement in Russia & Ukraine

Blavatsky's place of birth, Now Blavatsky-House Museum
Note: As the current contexts have generated a lot of commentary, I overeestimated my capacity for concision. However, I do think I can wrap up the current round of posts with three more instalments in the coming month.
 
Somber message from Ukraine when the war broke out in March, I think they're doing better now: 'Blavatsky H.P. museum in Dnepropetrovsk in the south of Ukraine which is now a war zone. The museum is closed until further notice and the staff is trying to preserve it in the present time. But are also and especially busy saving their own lives.'
 
Blavatsky ‘The Sphinx’ & Spirituality in Ukraine
Interview by Colyn Boyce with Svitlana Gavrylenko, July 5, 2022
The first members of the Theosophical Society appeared in Ukraine in 1998, the first branch in 2007, the Regional Association was approved in 2013, and the status of the Section was assigned in 2018. There are eight branches in the nation – including in Kyiv (“Ankh”), Yalta (“Aletheiya”), Odessa (“Pearl Necklace”) Dnipro (“H.P.Blavatsky” ) and Kropyvnytskyi (“Laya”) in central Ukraine.
https://hermesrisen.wordpress.com/2022/05/07/blavatsky-the-sphinx-spirituality-in-the-ukraine-interview-by-colyn-boyce-with-svitlana-gavrylenko%ef%bf%bc/
 
Blavatsky Under the Tsars
Marina Alexandrova, April 23, 2021
Virtual Centre for Theosophical Studies Lecture
New research on Blavatsky's early Russian life from an intrepid Russian studies prof. who grew up near where Blavatsky used to live.
 

 
Effects of Theosophy on Russian Cultural History
Björn Seidel-Dreffke 2021
New book shows how deep the research is getting.
Theosophy across Boundaries brings a global history approach to the study of esotericism, highlighting the important role of Theosophy in the general histories of religion, science, philosophy, art, and politics. The first half of the book consists of seven perspectives on the activities of the Theosophical Society in very different regional contexts, ranging from India, Vietnam, China, and Japan to Victorian Britain and Israel, shedding new light on the entanglement of "Western" and "Oriental" ideas around 1900. The second half explores specific cultural influences that Theosophy exerted in the spheres of literature, art, and politics, using case studies from Sri Lanka, Burma, India, Japan, Ireland, Germany, and Russia. The examples clearly show that Theosophy was part of a truly global movement, thus providing an outstanding example of the complex entanglements of the global religious history of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
 
HPB in Today's Russia
Abbasova, Pyarvin. Quest 103.3 (Summer 2015): pg. 112-113.
Since 1992, interest in the work of Blavatsky has been constantly increasing. Many books, including her collected writings, talks, and articles, have been published and can be found in every bookstore that has an esoteric or spiritual shelf. Every year new editions and commentaries are being published. I did some research and found a Russian YouTube channel with videos and movies about HPB and lectures of Russian Theosophists; many groups and online communities in the social network VK (similar to Facebook) that have thousands of followers, with information and audiobooks posted on a daily and weekly basis; and Web sites where one can download and read books and articles for free. Practically all the Web sites of the different spiritual organizations have pages about Helena Petrovna or references to her work.
Exile and Utopia:
Nicholas Roerich's Shortcut to Promised Land
Natasha Lvovich The Montréal Review, January 2018
Good overview of Roerich's life
https://www.themontrealreview.com/2009/Exile-and-Utopia-Nicholas-Roerich-Shortcut-to-Promised-Land.php
 
Third Parties: Henry Wallace and the Progressive Party
Potus Geeks Sep. 9th, 2020
In 1934, when Roosevelt and Wallace had sent Nicholas Roerich and his son George to Central Asia to search for drought-resistant grasses to prevent another Dust Bowl, Roerich caused a stir by trying to bring about a revival of the legendary Buddhist kingdom of Shambhalla, variously located in Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal, or Manchuria. 
 
Fashionable Occultism

Maria, Carlson. "Fashionable Occultism: The Theosophical World of Silver Age Russia." Quest  99. 2 (Spring 2011): 50-57.

The more intellectually inclined Theosophists also belonged to these societies and participated in their discussions. The names of the leading Russian idealist philosophers (Berdiaev, Sergei Bulgakov, E.N. Trubetskoi, Sergei Frank, Vasily Rozanov, Aleksandr Meier, Dmitry Filosofov, and N. O. Lossky) frequently appeared in Vestnik Teosofii ("Herald of Theosophy"), the principal journal of the Russian Theosophists; their lectures and articles were regularly reported and reviewed in its pages. "Closely observing the religious seeking of our time, one cannot pass by Theosophy, because for certain strata of contemporary educated society Theosophy has made it easier to come to religion," Berdiaev pointed out (Berdiaev, 1).
 
The Occult Revival in Russia Today and Its Impact on Literature 
Birgit Menzel,  Harriman Review v16 no4-v17 no1 64-77 April 2009
flashes of the Occult in the Soviet Past The considerable impact of theosophy and other occult theories on Russian Symbolist literature and art and the fact that so many of Russia's intellectuals at some point were fascinated by theosophy, including later Marxists such as Anatoly Lunacharsky, Maxim Gorky and Sergei Eisenstein, has been the subject of numerous studies, in particular, Maria Carlson's brilliant study of theosophy's influence on high artistic culture, and more recently by Bogomolov, Obatnin and Stahl-Schwaetzer. 19
 
Keller on Rosenthal, 'The Occult in Russian and Soviet Culture'
Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, ed. Reviewer:Shoshana Keller 1998
Theosophy, Spiritualism, and kabbalistic studies (Judith Deutsch Kornblatt has a fine essay on Vladimir Soloviev's interest in the Jewish Kabbala and its impact on religious thinkers as diverse as Nikolai Berdiaev, Sergei Bulgakov, and Vasily Rozanov) all posit a superior, hidden knowledge that masters may reveal only to the elect, if the elect can prove their worthiness

The New Age of Russia Occult and Esoteric Dimensions
Glatzer Rosenthal, Bernice (editor) 2012
Occult and esoteric ideas became deeply embedded in Russian culture long before the Bolshevik Revolution. After the Revolution, occult ideas were manifested in literature, the humanities and the sciences as well. Although the Soviet government discouraged and eventually prohibited metaphysical speculation, that same government used the Occult for its own purposes and even funded research on it. In Stalin's time, occultism disappeared from public view, but it revived clandestinely in the post-Stalin Thaw and became a truly popular phenomenon in post-Soviet Russia. From cosmism to shamanism, from space exploration to Kabbalah, from neo-paganism to science fiction, the field is wide. Everyone interested in the occult and esoteric will appreciate this book, because it documents their continued importance in Russia and raises new issues for research and discussion. 
 
Occult Russia Pagan, Esoteric, and Mystical Traditions 
Christopher McIntosh
New book due December 2022

Sunday 18 September 2022

Blavatsky and Traditionalism / Perennialism

As it happens, three theosophists have published significant critiques of traditionalism (Ellwood, Quinn, Smoley). They were probably more tolerant than the dismissive approach against theosophy inaugurated by René Guénon. (Theosophism' s first 100 pp. is about Blavatsky. He only quotes some bits from the Key to Theosophy, what kind of critique is that? But of interest for his contemporaneous take on the admittedly curious neo-theosophy scene, which he blames on Blavatsky). The call for rapprochement does not seem to have made much of an impact. As the Ellwood review indicates, the discovery of troubling political involvements or attitudes of certain adherents of the traditionalist, structuralist, ritualist schools, mainly from the 1930s (Jung, Eliade, Tucci, Schwaller de Lubics, Karlfried Graf Durkheim, Dumézil, Evola, Benoist-Méchin, Campbell),  was too much for a lot of people and contributed to their relative downfall from the rather high general  popularity in mainstream publishing that they enjoyed in the 1950s to the 80s. Many had successful academic careers, some were very gifted scholars, with a modest success in developing their approach in academia. Their influence has diminished since the 1990s, but still remains present.

Prof Mark Sedgwick - Sufism, Anarchism, Traditionalism, New Right, Against Modernity 
Good interview with Varna Institute for Peace Research (VIPR) Jan 11, 2022
Author of  Against the Modern World: Traditionalism and the secret intellectual history of the twentieth century (Oxford University Press, 2004)

“Traditionalism” through the Lens of Cultural Ecology
Richard Heinberg February 27, 2017
In my first book, Memories and Visions of Paradise: Exploring the Universal Myth of a Lost Golden Age (1989, revised edition 1995), I explained how the idea of a lost Golden Age has long been associated with various forms of millenarianism—the notion that the current world is degraded and approaching a cleansing crisis from which a revived paradisiacal condition will emerge. Millenarian movements (of which many variants of Christianity and Islam are clear examples) often spring up during times of secular decline or crisis, and typically take the form of a cult led by a charismatic visionary aiming to “Make the world great again!” The leader is sometimes a benign character (like British socialist Robert Owen, who started an American commune in 1825), though often more malign (like Hitler).
https://www.postcarbon.org/traditionalism-through-the-lens-of-cultural-ecology/
 
Review The Politics of Myth: A Study of C. G. Jung, Mircea Eliade, and Joseph Campbell.  Robert Ellwood.
by RT McCutcheon · 2001
 
21 Years On, Revisiting Ellwood’s The Politics of Myth

 

"Against Blavatsky: Rene Guenon's Critique of Theosophy."

Smoley, Richard.  Quest  98. 1 (Winter 2010): 28-34.

 
Waiting for the End of the World: René Guénon and the Kali Yuga
Richard Smoley 
Important correction: Blavatsky essentially follows the traditional Hindu dates for the Kali Yuga. She wrote that an important initial 5 000-year cycle within the Kali Yuga ending was approaching, but the Kali Yuga as a whole still has 427 000 years to go.
‘One of the sources that come closest to Guénon’s view of the Kali Yuga is H.P. Blavatsky (1831-91), founder of the Theosophical Society. In her magnum opus, The Secret Doctrine, Blavatsky writes, “The Kali-yuga reigns now supreme in India, and it seems to coincide with the Western age.”19 Blavatsky, writing around 1888, dates the beginning of this epoch to “4,989 years ago” – close to the traditional date of 3012 BCE – and places its end roughly at the close of the nineteenth century: “We have not long to wait, and many of us will witness the Dawn of the New Cycle.’’
 
Gary Lachman Politics and the Occult: The Left, the Right, and the Radically Unseen (2008)
Reviewed by Rene Wadlow
High Irrationalism and Far Right Politics
Review by Tim Pendry (Lachman makes a pretty good political prediction in this book)
Today we have two competing 'occultisms' - a liberal individualist, almost anarchist, dissent against the 'Man' (the machinery of government and commerce) and a traditionalist and anti-Western tribal approach, based on struggle, that owes a great deal not just to Evola but to Benoist and, latterly, Southgate. Both can sometimes lay claim paganism but these two models of the political universe could not be more different. I am sorry that Lachman does not go more deeply into this.
 
Julius Evola: Theosophy and Beyond
Joscelyn Godwin
In 2008 Marco Iacona asked me to join 40 others in answering some questions about Julius Evola, specifically (in my case) about his connections with Theosophy. The questions and answers were published in Italian as Il Maestro della Tradizione: Dialoghi su Julius Evola (Naples: Controcorrente, 2008)
 
Beginnings of Theosophy in France
Joscelyn Godwin, Theosophical History, 2018
Since René Guénon was influenced by the turn-of-the-century French occult scene, this text gives useful background information.
 
William W. Quinn, Jr. - Mircea Eliade and The Sacred Tradition, A Personal Account
Theosophist and rare former post-grad student of Eliade video lecture. 35m.
 
William W. Quinn, Jr. The Only Tradition
Fine study on traditionalism and theosophy.
 
Response to a Criticism of Theosophy by Rene Guenon - Paul Bertrand - 1922: 
Friends of the Theosophical Archives newsletter - Special Edition - Autumn 2016
Theosophy and Theosophism: Response to a Criticism of Theosophy by René Guénon written by Paul Bertrand a pseudonym of Georges Méautis.
The Swiss scholar Georges Méautis (1890-1970) graduate of several European universities, he passed his doctorate in 1918 at the University of Neuchâtel, and by 1922 was already a professor there. He held the chair of Greek language and literature from 1930 to 1961. Many prizes and honors came his way, and it does not seem to have hurt his reputation that he was a prominent Theosophist and a declared believer in reincarnation, as befitted his speciality of Pythagoreanism.
  
Traditionalist reviews of Mark Sedgwick, Against the Modern World: Traditionalism and the secret intellectual history of the twentieth century
 
 

Saturday 10 September 2022

Blavatsky and Russian Traditionalism / Eurasianism

 
Apparently, certain ideologies indirectly influenced by Blavatsky's theosophical school (Russian silver age mystical philosophy, traditionalism) have a certain influence on the Russian-Ukraine war. But since there is substantial debate on this question, I think that it is important to be aware of these issues, as Blavatsky is regularly  the subject of various degrees of anti-occult scape-goating. Ironically, she is positioned in both right-wing (fascism) and left-wing (globalization) conspiracy theories.

I will try to write a post in her defence on this. For now, I will simply suggest that since her theosophical ideas seem to have an importance in today's political landscape, then a comprehensive and accurate historical and intellectual study of her influence and ideas are necessary. And if this stark reality serves to further encourage the growing field of esoteric history, then I think that is good thing, because it could help to clear up the significant inaccuracies, confusion and misunderstandings that continue to be propagated about her. I can't however complain about the coverage so far. The articles below, I think, give a decent picture of the mystical ideological currents influencing the war.
 
The rise of the traditionalists: how a mystical doctrine is reshaping the right
Benjamin Teitelbaum 8 October 2020
Steve Bannon, Russia’s Alexander Dugin and Brazil’s Olavo de Carvalho are united by their affinity with a spiritual movement that fundamentally rejects modernity. 
 
Aleksandr Dugin Is the Reactionary Prophet of Russian Ultranationalism
An interview with Benjamin Teitelbaum 03.22.2022 by Luke Savage
 
Dugin and Ukraine 
Mark Sedgwick March 27, 2022
The current prevalence of anti-Western and Slavophil positions in Moscow certainly helps explain the invasion of Ukraine, as Jane Burbank, a historian of Russia from New York University, recently argued in The New York Times. Burbank also proposed that “Eurasianism was injected directly into the bloodstream of Russian power in a variant developed by the self-styled philosopher Aleksandr Dugin.” This is more likely. Dugin has certainly made Eurasianism better known, and his variant is better adapted to today's world than variants from a century ago. But Dugin is a participant in a broad discussion, not the sole author of any playbook.
 
The Misfortune of Tradition Why Tradition Needs to Be Protected from Traditionalists  
Sergey Horujy, (Post-Secular Conflicts, 2020, pp. 86-110)
in his treatise OrientationNorth (1997) presents a philosophical transcription or parallel of the Nazi theosophy of Herman Wirth (1885–1981) with its theory of the northern land, Arctogeia, a land of superhumans called Hyperboreans.
 
The Return of Holy Russia: Apocalyptic History, Mystical Awakening, and the Struggle for the Soul of the World 
Gary Lachamn (2020) 
Review 
All three of these figures were products of Russia's "Silver Age" of 1890 until 1920, when Lenin and the Bolsheviks ended any meaningful philosophy or theology in Russia, although Berdyaev and Ilyin made their most significant contributions after they were exiled. In fact, the Silver Age may be seen as the fulcrum of Russian thought and spirituality, and Lachman's book is an account of the advance of Russian thought to this point and then its abrupt disbursal after 1920, with several Silver Age thinkers being recycled of late, which may--or may not--presage a genuine renewal and invigoration of Russian thought and spirituality.  
Review Jason Colavito 01/04/22020
MindMatters: Interview with Gary Lachman
https://www.sott.net/article/438989-MindMatters-Interview-with-Gary-Lachman-The-Return-of-Holy-Russia

The USA and the new world order
(The Inter-American Institute for Philosophy, Government, and Social Thought)
A Debate Between Olavo de Carvalho and Aleksandr Dugin, 167 pp.
Also, this topic provides me with a timely occasion to make it clear that the Duginian theory of the “war of continents” itself is every inch a “conspiracy theory,” one which plainly has its roots in the occult, as for example, in the ideas of Helena P. Blavatski and Alice Bailey. Since I have no space to explain this here, I would like to draw the readers’ attention to my study entitled “Aleksandr Dugin and the War of Continents” which, beginning today, May 23, 2011
 
The Putin Book Club
Paul Robinson April 3, 2014
The Justification of the Good is one of three books which the Kremlin sent out this January to regional governors and senior members of the ruling United Russia party. The other two are Nikolai Berdyaev’s Philosophy of Inequality (written in 1919) and Ivan Ilyin’s Our Tasks (penned in exile after the Second World War). 
Next year in Kyiv?
Diana Butler Bass February 24, 2022
When it comes to Russian Orthodoxy, Kyiv is essentially Jerusalem, and this is a conflict over who will have control of Orthodoxy — Moscow or Constantinople.
 
The Role of Religion in Russia’s War on Ukraine
Aidan Houston;  Peter Mandaville, Ph.D. March 17, 2022 
The battle for Ukraine’s spiritual independence has deep roots in the region’s religious history.  
 

Saturday 3 September 2022

Blavatsky, American Traditionalism, QAnon, UFO and New Age Spirituality

After nearly two years of reporting about Blavatsky's historical impact, in May  of 2018, I began to contend with the fact that her name was increasingly appearing in the context of contemporary politics and offshoot conspiracy theories. Shortly after, for unrelated reasons, I decided to phase out the recent news coverage in favour of a mix of editorials, book reviews, and research notes. Little did I realize that these issues (the relation of esoteric thought and right-wing politics) would continue to be a factor in mainstream preoccupations and figure in  some dramatic events on the worldwide political stage. As Blavatsky is of course, Russian, and also born in Ukraine, with her house of birth now a Museum dedicated to her located there, events have become particularly poignant. So I once again don my reporter's hat on a weekly basis for the next month, with a series of posts that attempts to grapple with the complex question of theosophical influences in current affairs. 
 

The Occult & Fascism: A Brief Comment
Mitch Horowitz May 14, 2022
But to conclude that a rightwing connection is foundational to or defining of occultism’s political influence is to proffer a preconceived thesis, which finds ready confirmation in anecdote. 
Mitch Horowitz July 29, 2022
 
Steve Bannon, Fascism and Making Sense of the Invasion of Ukraine: How the Left Divides Itself. 
Peter McLaren, 2022 

Bannon is too obsessed with traditional institutions plump with the promise of motivating the country into a state of transcendence, but in reverse direction – a move backwards from democratic urban spaces to a medieval caste society of neo-feudal fiefdoms where the pathogenic pressures of ritual and obedience keep everything in place  

Steve Bannon The Nationalism-ists
Teitelbaum, an ethnomusicologist at the University of Colorado Boulder, considers Traditionalism the "most transformative political movement of the early 21st century." Acolytes associated with this way of thinking have their claws deep in the leadership of at least three powerful nations, he argues: Russia via Aleksandr Dugin; Brazil via Olavo de Carvalho; and the United States via Bannon. 
 
The Mystical Steve Bannon  
Rod Dreher May 28, 2020 
Good interview with Benjamin R. Teitelbaum

Review of Dark Star Rising: Magick and Power in the Age of Trump
Gary Lachman New York: TarcherPerigree, 2018
The movement started out in the 19th century and goes way back to the American Transcendentalists and their romanticist Neo-Platonic notion of the realm of ideas being primordial and absolutely superior to the phenomenological world of mere matter. It was later tied in with a vast spectrum of other influences as diverse as Mesmerism, auto-hypnosis, Freudian depth-psychology, Theosophy, Eastern mantra techniques, Couéism and social Darwinism, as well as encompassing elements of prosperity Protestantism, Muscular Christianity and even puritan Calvinism. 

The King in Orange: The Magical and Occult Roots of Political Power 
Duncan Barford reviews John Michael Greer, Simon and Schuster, May 4, 2021 
Both examine the magickal aspects of Trump’s election to US President, but from very different perspectives. Lachman might be said to have written more on the political dimension of magick, whereas Greer addresses the magical dimension of politics.
 
Q Shaman’s New Age-Radical Right Blend Hints at the Blurring of Seemingly Disparate Categories
Susannah Crockford January 11, 2021
The numerous elements he adopts from neopaganism to core shamanism to Christian nationalism to QAnon makes him seem like a fake. Embodying the cross-pollination of far-right politics and New Age spirituality in America, he is all of the above. 
 
The Big History Behind January 6th, Part 5: Molestation, Cancel Culture, and QAnon
 
Dave Troy Mar 16, 2021
QAnon combines LeFevre’s “I AM”, Freedom School, and Rampart teachings into a cultish one-size-fits-all religion—modeled on the Discordianism created by LeFevre’s student Kerry Thornley in 1963, and pushed by Flynn and a network of former military and intelligence officials.
https://davetroy.medium.com/the-big-history-behind-january-6th-part-5-molestation-cancel-culture-and-qanon-bac7f73c591c 
 
Who are the starseeds?
a journey into the esoteric faith shaping the american fringe
Katherine Dee Mar 26, 2021
But I also believe it makes detours through alchemy, theosophy, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1960s contactees imbued with psychic powers, the work of Jacques Vallée, among many other bizarre blips on the historical radar. 
 
Beware of the Star Rishis
“Those who fall off from our living human Mahatmas to fall into the Saptarishi – the Star Rishis, are no Theosophists.”(Blavatsky) “The Saptarishis as meant by H.P.B. are in a very advanced class of elementals, able sometimes to communicate with man, and by their apparent knowledge to make him suppose them to be high spiritual beings.” (W. Q. Judge)