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Showing posts with label Asian history. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Asian history. Show all posts

Tuesday, 28 May 2024

Blavatsky and D. T. Suzuki, Daisetsu Teitaro, Daisetz

Daisetsu Teitaro Suzuki
(October 18, 1870 – July 12, 1966) was a Japanese author of books and essays on Buddhism, Zen and Shin that were instrumental in spreading interest in both Zen and Shin (and Far Eastern philosophy in general) to the West. His American wife, Beatrice Lane Suzuki, was a member of the Theosophical Society (Adyar) and played an important role in Japanese Theosophy.
Dr. Paul Carus befriended the Japanese Zen master Soyen Shaku (1859-1919), whom he met at the Parliament. After attending the Parliament Soyen traveled to Sri Lanka to study Pali and Theravada Buddhism for three years. At Carus's request Shaku also sent one of his students, Daisetsu Teitaro Suzuki, to the United States to translate Buddhist works for Carus's Open court Publishing Company. He also became close to Anagarika Dharmapala. 
 
Dr. Suzuki wrote about Blavatsky's book The Voice of the Silence: "Undoubtedly Madame Blavatsky had in some way been initiated into the deeper side of Mahayana teaching and then gave out what she deemed wise to the Western world..." He also commented: "Here is the real Mahayana Buddhism."
 
Ethics between East and West: Beatrice Erskine Lane Suzuki and Albert Schweitzer
 
Passing: Ms. Mihoko Okamura-Bekku (1935-2023)
Richard Jaffe
I write to convey the sad news that Ms. Mihoko Okamura-Bekku died in Kyoto on June 17, 2023 at the age of 88. Ms. Okamura, who was born and raised in the United States, was a student, assistant, secretary, and confidant of D.T. Suzuki from the early 1950s until Suzuki's death in 1966. Following Suzuki's passing, Ms. Okamura taught at Otani University, worked for the Japan Foundation, and served on the board of trustees for the Japan Folk Crafts Museum. She also lectured widely in Japan about Suzuki's life, Zen Buddhism, folk crafts, and traditional Japanese arts. Ms. Okamura was the co-author, with Ueda Shizuteru, of several books, some illustrated with numerous photographs she took, concerning her life and travels with Suzuki and his teachings. 
 
The Zen Buddhist Philosophy of D. T. Suzuki
Offering the first complete overview of Suzuki's approach, reputation, and legacy as a philosopher, this is for anyone interested in the philosophical relevance and development of Mahayana Buddhism today.
 

Zen’s Unassuming Pioneer
How the “Great Simplicity” of D.T. Suzuki popularized Zen in America
Rick Fields

D.T. Suzuki at the World Congress of Faiths in 1936
An Analysis of His Presentation at the Interfaith Conference
Journal of Religion in Japan 14 Jul 2021 
Compared to his early years and post-1949 lectures in the United States, as well as his English publications on Mahayana Buddhism, his half-year journey through Europe in 1936 is understudied. With limited access to primary sources in Japanese and English, previous studies tended to label him a “nationalist.” Instead, I analyze Suzuki’s discourses and other newly discovered primary sources from a historical perspective. Through this analysis, this paper will clarify Suzuki’s scheme to present Mahayana Buddhism, particularly Zen, to Westerners during the interwar period. 
 
Race and Zen  Julius Evola, Facism, and D.T. Suzuki 
Filippo Pedretti
Evola’s use of Daisetsu Teitarō Suzuki’s sources in his writings
(hereafter D. T. Suzuki), showing how Evola confronted their
Japanese nationalist/nativist elements, as well as their responses to
Japan’s encounter with Euro-American colonialism. 
https://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://arcjournal.library.mcgill.ca/article/download/293/309&ved=2ahUKEwjSupvEwJ2GAxWZGFkFHUlgCZUQFnoECBYQAQ&usg=AOvVaw1CNNPySN-S-wTPY2FuDncV  
 
D.T.Suzuki and Swedenborg: an Introduction.

EAST ASIAN NETWORK FOR THE ACADEMIC STUDY OF ESOTERICISM 2021
 
 
Good bio by Tsem Rinpoche, Feb. 14, 2018

Saturday, 18 May 2024

Blavatsky and Theosophy in Japan


The philosophies and religions of Japan from an esoteric perspective did not escape the attention of early Theosophists. Olcott made a very interesting trip to Japan: Meiji Buddhists invited Olcott to Japan, and Dharmapala followed after. The Japanese wanted Olcott to show them ways to resist Christian missionizing, and he insisted that the first step was bringing Buddhist sects in Japan into institutional unity. He arrived in Kobe on February 9, 1889 together with Zenshiro Nogouchi and Anagarika Dharmapala. From the first day until his departure in May, Olcott visited 33 towns and delivered 76 addresses with a total audience of at least 87, 500 people, and possibly as many as 200,000. With financial help from the Buddhist sects, and with support from Hansei-kai, Oriental Hall and other Buddhist societies, his tour became a great success. Olcott was welcomed by people everywhere, and he talked with local leaders and governors, as well as with the prime minister. Olcott’s tour was the peak of Japanese Buddhist revival in a visible form. (Yoshinaga Shin’ichi, Theosophy and Buddhist Reformers in the Middle of the Meiji Period (Japanese Religions Vol. 34, No. 2, July 2009), 125.)
 
Blavatsky, citing the work of Charles Pfoundes (Omoie Tetsunosuke 重井哲之助) integrated Japan cosmological notions into the Secret Doctrine, Vol. I, p. 214: The same hierarchy, with the same numbers, is found in the Japanese system, in the “Beginnings” as taught by both the Shinto and the Buddhist sects. In this system, Anthropogenesis precedes Cosmogenesis, as the Divine merges into the human, and creates — midway in its descent into matter — the visible Universe. The legendary personages — remarks reverentially Omoie — “having to be understood as the stereotyped embodiment of the higher (secret) doctrine, and its sublime truths.” To state it at full length, however, would occupy too much of our space, but a few words on this old system cannot be out of place. The following is a short synopsis of this Anthropo-Cosmogenesis, and it shows how closely the most separated notions echoed one and the same Archaic teaching.

When all was as yet Chaos (Kon-ton) three spiritual Beings appeared on the stage of future creation: (1) Ame no ani naka nushi no Kami, “Divine Monarch of the Central Heaven”; (2) Taka mi onosubi no Kami, “Exalted, imperial Divine offspring of Heaven and the Earth”; and (3) Kamu mi musubi no Kami, “Offspring of the Gods,” simply.

The Shade of Sattay 
Shawn F. Higgins 2023
Judge received a letter from the Japanese Buddhist scholar, Matsuyama Matsutaro, dated March 27, 1887. It read: Through Judge, Matsuyama received letters from other Theosophists, and from the Ceylonese Buddhist activist, Anagarika Dharmapala.
At this time Matsuyama announced the creation of the Yamato Theosophical Society in Kyoto, Japan. In response, Judge sent a letter of support, which was published in Matsuyama’s journal, The Bijou of Asia: “The [American] people need the religion of Buddha because their own has not succeeded in making them honest or kind to each other […] they are not very happy because illusions of life make them slaves of senses.”
 
Tracing Karma in Meiji Japan The Global Entanglement of Religion, Morality and Science 
 
Antiracism & Spiritual Universalism. Japan, India, & the Development of Internationalism 
Akio Tanabe Apr 5, 2021 
Kinza Hirai Kakuzō Okakura, HS Olcott Anagarika Dharmapala Vivekananda Nikola Tesla World’s Parliament of Religions, 1893 to UNESCO, 1946  
 
 
Buddhism and Modernity in Japan An Introduction 
Orion Klautau and Hans Martin Krämer, 2021
 
A Brief History of the Theosophical Society in Japan in the Interwar Period
Helena Čapková The Journal of CESNUR, Volume 4, Issue 5, September—October 2020, pages 3—26.
ABSTRACT: The article presents for the first time a brief, yet still quite detailed, history of the Theosophical Society (TS) in Japan based on research of primary sources, mainly in the headquarters of the Society in Adyar, a suburb of Chennai, India. Three decades after the first contacts made during the visits by the TS President, Colonel H.S. Olcott (1832–1907), in 1889 and 1891, the first TS lodge in Japan, the Tokyo International Lodge, was established by James Henry Cousins (1873–1956) in 1920. Cousins’ initiative stimulated interest in the TS, and other lodges were established, although the duration of their activities was sometimes quite short: Orpheus and Mahayana launched in 1924, while Miroku (Maitreya) Lodge did the same in 1928.
 
 
Theosophical Accounts in Japanese Buddhist Publications of the Late Nineteenth Century An Introduction and Select Bibliography
The first Buddhist mission to the West: Charles Pfoundes & the London Buddhist mission of 1889 – 1892, Bocking; Cox, Shin'ichi, Diskus 16.3 (2014), 1-33 Journal for BASR 
good study on Theosophy & Buddhism in Japan, London & US 1880s
 
After Olcott Left Theosophy and "New Buddhists" at the Turn of the Century. by Orion Klautau (オリオン・クラウタウ)
Shin'ichi Yoshinaga. 2012, The Eastern Buddhist NEW SERIES, Vol. 43, No. 1/2 
 
"After Colonel Olcott's visits to Japan in the late nineteenth century, no further work by the Adyar Theosophical Society occurred until Dr. James H. Cousins spent a year in Japan in 1919-1920 as a professor of modern English poetry at Keio University in Tokyo (Cousins and Cousins, 348-69). At this time, he helped form the Tokyo International Lodge. In a letter dated February 15, 1920, Cousins wrote to the international headquarters at Adyar about the lodge's beginnings with eleven members: five Japanese and six international members from America, Korea, Greece, and India.
 
Soyen Shaku, Toki Horyu, and others formed a delegation of Zen Buddhists from Japan. Soyen Shaku met Dr. Paul Carus at the Parliament, and that directly led to the long association of the Open Court Publishing Company editor with D. T. Suzuki.[12] The Japanese delegation returned home through Europe. While in London, they visited the headquarters of the Theosophical Society in England, and signed the guest book on October 19th.[13][14] Soyen Shaku described the Parliament as "the forerunner of the future universal religion of science."[15]
 

Wednesday, 28 June 2023

Blavatsky, William Q. Judge & Charles Johnston (Shawn F. Higgins)

William Q. Judge and family
After forty years of progress, the academic quality of theosophical history can reach a very high level of research. I would like to draw attention to a series of papers from a certain Shawn F. Higgins of the Harvard Divinity School, who has recently posted a series of writings on theosophical history of an exceptional level of quality and research, which feature, in certain cases, I think, some ground-breaking work on people and subjects that have had little coverage so far.
 
Is this a book? An epic 10-part series of articles of episodes showcasing a vast array of historical figures involved with the Theosophical Society in the 1880s from around the world, beginning with Irish, later American Theosophist Charles Johnston.  
THE AGONISED WOMB OF CONSCIOUSNESS 
March 18, 2023 by   
 
Part 10
 
Sketch by Blavatsky
THE SHADE OF SATTAY
February 25, 2023 by
the story of Govindarao Sattay, the first male Brahmin to visit America in 1884 with much interesting information about William Q. Judge
https://www.patheos.com/blogs/marginalia/2023/02/shade-of-sattay/
 
THE SILENT PASSENGER. December 30, 2022 
Short piece on William Q. Judge's travel to Ireland in 1888
 
“SPIRITS BRIGHT AND AIRY.”  January 6, 2023 
Short piece on William Q. Judge's childhood

Rare photo of Bhavani Shankar, right

“NOW, AND FOREVER.”
January 17, 2023 
William Q. Judge's in Ireland in 1888
 
THE ESOTERIC SCHOOL  
November 24, 2022
Short piece about Ernest Temple Hargrove
 
An intriguing paper on meteorological phenomena in 1874, references John W. Draper states in History of the Conflict Between Religion and Science (1874)
Sword of the Living Flame March 5, 2023
 
THE BENEDICK [PREFACE]: TALKS ON RELIGION
February 12, 2023
During the academic year of 1906-1907, Henry Bedinger Mitchell, president of the New York Branch (NYB) of the Griscom Theosophical Society (GTS,) hosted a series of monthly meetings in his rooms at The Benedick Apartments (80 Washington Square East, New York) to discuss the intersection of science, philosophy, and religion. Being an adjunct professor of mathematics at Columbia University, the participants of these talks were largely pooled from Mitchell’s colleagues in the various departments of Columbia.  These talks were recorded by a stenographer, and subsequently reprinted in the journal, The Theosophical Quarterly. In 1908 these articles were collected and published as a nine-chapter book titled, Talks on Religion.


Sunday, 4 December 2016

Blavatsky and Indian Politics: A. O. Hume, Besant



A.O. Hume father of Indian National Congress : Madras Miscelany:
The Father of the Congress – S. Muthia
 “Leading India into this new age was the Indian National Congress founded 130 years ago after the seeds for it were sown at a Theosophical Society Convention in Madras in 1884 when Col. Olcott and A.O. Hume called for the founding of an Indian political party to speak for the people of India. With Hume travelling throughout India to champion this suggestion and helping organize the first Indian National Congress convention in Bombay on December 28-30, 1885, he became known as the ‘Father of the Indian National Congress.’”
http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/madras-miscellany/article6818726.ece
see also Hume on Blavatsky:
http://www.blavatskyarchives.com/hume1884.htm

Article on Annie Besant’s entrepreurial activities in India:

From Besant to Vasantha - Sriram V.
“The foundation stone for the Vasantha Press was laid in 1908, and it became functional a short while later. In 1914, Mrs Besant acquired the Madras Standard, a daily, and renamed it New India. The paper, which electrified the freedom movement with its demand for Home Rule, was initially brought out from the Vasantha Press.
http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/hidden-histories-from-besant-to-vasantha/article8916950.ece


Article on long-standing Bengaluru lodge and charitable organisation founded in 1909 :
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/date-with-history-bengaluru-has-a-hidden-history-of-universal-brotherhood/articleshow/51437441.cms

Article on Indian anthropological history notes Blavatsky's influence:
Muller postulated the migration of the Aryans from the north-west into India while Olcott and Blavatsky asserted that the Aryans were indigenous to India. In their view the Aryan culture was the cradle of civilisation, and had spread from India to the West and other parts of the world. Like them, Dayanand Saraswati, who founded the Arya Samaj in 1875, also considered the Aryans as indigenous to India, and the Vedas as the repository of all knowledge and wisdom. Incidentally, the Arya Samaj merged with the Theosophical Society, which also was founded in 1875. Although this merger did not last long, the two parties never seem to have differed on the Aryan question.
http://thewire.in/21359/how-hindutva-historiography-is-rooted-in-the-colonial-view-of-indian-history/
 

Prof. Gauri Viswanathan, Department of English and Comparative Literature, Columbia University gave a lecture at McGill University on March 24, 2016 entitled Theosophy, Translation, and the Mediation of Hinduism. It was about Blavatsky and Ghandi’s influence on India. Overall, it was a positive outlook of Blavatsky and she is working on a book about Blavatsky.
Her last article on Blavatsky was “Anna Kingsford: The Release of the Suffering Soul" in  Monism: Science, Philosophy, Religion, and the History of a Worldview, 2012.
https://books.google.ca/books?id=LWXIAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA106&lpg=PA106&dq=Viswanathan+anna+kingsford&source=bl&ots=j5vKZQG0C3&sig=ZG_61dDQmkZtsmvwqLoE-BQ6wug&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwign8v5mIHPAhWF2B4KHeLRAJcQ6AEIITAC#v=onepage&q=Viswanathan%20anna%20kingsford&f=false

She is also part of a major academic research project The Enchanted Modernities International Network:
“The Enchanted Modernities International Network will bring together scholars who are experts in the visual arts, music and sound, and literature from all over the world to explore what the visual, material and performing arts can tell us about the relationships between theosophy, modernity and mysticism c. 1875-1960.”
https://www.leverhulme.ac.uk/awards-made/awards-focus/enchanted-modernities-theosophy-modernism-and-arts-c-1875-1960\
A recent piece from The Hindu by Elina Abakarova:
August 12 was the 185th birth anniversary of one of the most extraordinary women of the 19th Century, Helena Petrovna Blavatskaya, better known across the world as Madame Blavatsky. The founder of the Theosophical Society this writer, poet, philosopher and traveller was also a brilliant pianist, a fine artist and a linguist. Due to her incomprehensible nature, activities and knowledge, she was called a sphinx. The mix of legend and fact that shrouds her life does not detract from her powerful influence over modern spiritual thought.
http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/the-messenger-of-light/article9002691.ece



Friday, 14 October 2016

Blavatsky & Dharmapala bio - Lion's Roar



The Lion’s Roar: Anagarika Dharmapala and the Making of Modern Buddhism, Sarath Amunugama, pp i-vii, 1-719, VijithaYapa, Colombo, 2016.
An early convert to Theology led by Blavatsky and Olcott, his non-commitment to Buddhist Theology took him to the Theological movement’s headquarters in Adyar and from there to the recovery of the Buddhist places in British India. In the last decades of his life, the recovery of the Buddhist sites became one of principal objectives of his life; in particular save Buddhagaya from the control of the Hindu Mahants. This was something he could not achieve in his life time, but he had led the way and his success in the historic processes of Buddhist recovery succeeded in establishing Buddhism as a civilizational influence internationally. For instance his creation, the Mahabodhi was the main facilitator of Ambedhkar’s decision to covert to Buddhism with the millions of his caste fellows, the dalits.
Dharmapala and early TS history:
Anagarika’s efforts to foster Buddhism in Asia began in Adyar - Dr. Sarath Amunugama
“It was during this week in Adyar that he was instructed by Blavatsky to study Pali. Impressed by the gathering in Adyar, Dharmapala vowed “that henceforth my life should be devoted to the good of humanity.” In 1886, he accompanied the Ramanya Nikaya monk Ilukwatte Medhankara to Adyar. Medhankara was a favourite of the ‘Theosophical Twins’ Blavatsky and Olcott: “A word must be said about this Medhankara. He was of the Ramanya Nikaya, a young man truly holy in his life and aims to a degree that I have never seen equaled among the Bhikkus of Ceylon.”
http://www.sundaytimes.lk/150920/plus/anagarikas-efforts-to-foster-buddhism-in-asia-began-in-adyar-164656.html

Political commentary on Dharmapala:
Has Modi found a Buddhist Vivekananda in Anagarika Dharmapala?
Ranjan Crasta At an early age, even as he was educated in Christian institutions, he found himself drawn towards Buddhism. This affinity to Buddhism was eventually cemented when Colonel Olcott and Madam Blavatsky, two of the founders of the Theosophical society in Britain began visiting Ceylon and declared themselves Buddhists. A 16-year-old Dharmapala grew close to the two, assisting Olcott as a translator as he travelled around Sri Lanka furthering Buddhist education.
https://sgforums.com/forums/1728/topics/490312/

Dharmapala tribute By Dharma Hewamadduma:
Then, he resigned from the Public Service and came to associate erudite Buddhist scholars such as most Ven. Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala, Col. Henry Steel Olcott and studied Buddhism and the oriental languages such as Pali, Sanskrit, Hindi etc. and dedicated himself to social service.
http://www.island.lk/index.php?page_cat=article-details&page=article-details&code_title=152154