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Thursday, 6 April 2023

Blavatsky on Christianity

Blavatsky is sometimes perceived as being ‘anti-Christian’, or because of later neo-theosophical developments, of being a heterodox Christian. Whatever the case may be, the fact is that she has a considerable body of writings of Christian critiques (which if studied, may be found to have been quite prescient and constructive) as well as on early Christian history, Jewish and Christian Gnosticism and comparative studies of esoteric and pagan aspects of Christianity to her credit.

Blavatsky was a critic of the first Vatican council and made various allegations about corruption in the Jesuit order of her time. The Christian College Magazine was published by a Scottish Protestant missionary organization and ran a slanderous piece on Blavatsky. René Guénon's anti-theosophy essay 'Théosophisme' was edited by Catholic philosopher Jacques Maritain. The Vatican issued a report on the New Age movement with conceptual, conjectural, discursive, interpretative, theoretical speculations about Blavatsky which were inaccurate, contrived, and unproven. Also, their report on the condemnation of esoteric philosopher Giordano Bruno was unsatisfactory to me, although better than nothing, I guess. Therefore, there are some tensions between the theosophical movement and Christian institutions to say the least.

However, did not the Second Vatican Council implement many of the critiques contained in Blavatsky's writings on Christianity? Has this not created a division between conservative and progressive Catholics? So when a man undertakes to promote theosophical concerns such as universal brother and sisterhood, opposition to the death penalty, and respect for the environment, I think such efforts deserve a fair hearing in theosophical forums, as has been done in various Masonic circles. Below are a selection of some of the more comprehensive, substantial writings on her favoured aspects of Christianity. For a more specialized study, see New Testament Commentaries of H.P. Blavatsky, Henk J. Spierenburg, 1987. 
 
Regarding on oft-posted quote on the internet:"Our goal is not to restore Hinduism, but to wipe Christianity off the face of the earth." - Declaration of Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, The Medium and Daybreak, London, 01/1893, P.23 in "Theosophism: History of a pseudo-religion", René Guénon. The quote in question is a second-hand account of a supposed comment that she made orally. It is highly doubtful that she actually said that. The person and the source are not very credible, and was published after her death. Also, Antoine Faivre in works such as Access to Western Esotericism (1994), bucked the trend of the largely Guénon -inspired negative approach to Theosophy in French publishing and presented Theosophy in a more articulate and positive light. Furthermore, William Quinn's 1997 The Only Tradition convincingly pointed out the salient problems of historical accuracy in Guénon’s 1921 Théosophisme (111-114).One can also consult Theosophy and Theosophism: Response to a Criticism of Theosophy by René Guénon written by Paul Bertrand a pseudonym of Georges Méautis. http://hypatia.gr/fota/images/newsletter/Fota_Newsletter_Special_Ed_Autumn2016.pdf
 

1- In the first chapter of Isis Unveiled, vol. 2, she gives some initial social critiques of Christianity based on reports of various contemporary churches.

Chapter 1 Christianity’s relation to Spiritualism and Paganism

(The Church! Where is it?”) 

1- Christianity’s attitude towards paganism and spiritualism (p.1)

2- Origin of Christian belief in the Devil and Hell (10)

3- Christianity’s relation to the Supernatural (16)

4- The attitude of Science and Comparative Religion to Spiritualism (25)

5- India and Paganism as source of Christian theology (The logos, the Trinity, the Eucharist) (30)

6- Christianity’s struggles with Gnostics and Neoplatonists (51)

https://www.theosociety.org/pasadena/isis/iu2-01.htm

 

2- Lucifer to the Archbishop of Canterbury, Greeting!
Quite a clear, concise, eloquent critique of the Anglican church, which was widely distributed in pamphlet form, and is probably the best overall example of her views on Christianity.
[Lucifer, Vol. I, No. 4, December, 1887, pp. 242-251] Collected Writings, Vol. 8, pp. 268-283
 
3- From Lucifer to a Few Readers
[Lucifer, Vol. II, No. 7, March, 1888, pp. 68-71] Collected Writings vol. 9, pp. 80-86
An interesting follow-up to the previous article. 'Let them turn every cathedral and church into hospitals, refuges, homes for the homeless, and secular schools; and teach people daily morality instead of incomprehensible dogmas.' H. P.Blavatsky CW9, 85
 
4- Notes on Abbé Roca’s ‘Esotericism of Christian Dogma’
[Le Lotus, Paris, Vol. II, No. 9, December, 1887, pp. 160-173] Collected Writings, Vol. 8, pp. 372-391
One of the more extensive debates which Blavatsky engaged in, with someone from the French Christian occultism movement of the day, of the type of Fabre d’Olivet and Éliphas Lévi, dealing mainly with ever-recurring questions of millennialism. One of her most candid and detailed expositions on Christian theosophy.
 
5- Reply to Mistaken Conceptions of the Abbé Roca
[Le Lotus, Paris, Vol. II, No. 13, April, 1888, pp. 3-19] Collected Writings, Vol. 9, pp. 216-237
 
6- The Origin of the Gospels and the Bishop of Bombay
[The Theosophist, Vol. IV, No. 1, October, 1882, pp. 6-9] Collected Writings, Vol. 4, pp. 232-242
Responds to a debate on divorce and re-marriage, with historical discussions about the origins of the New Testament, quoting Church fathers.
 
7- The Sign of the Times
[Lucifer, Vol. I, No. 2, October, 1887, pp. 83-89] Collected Writings, Vol. 8, pp. 98-108
Discussing the presence of occultism in literature and the press, she mentions the case of the Roman Catholic priest Urbain Grandier (1590-1634) who was accused of practising witchcraft at Loudun (Vienne, France), in 1632.
 
8- The Esoteric Character of the Gospels 
[Lucifer, Vol. I, No. 3, November, 1887, pp. 173-180] Collected Writings, Vol. 8, pp. 172-217
Began as an ambitious series of articles that was not completed. Like Jacob Boehme, she criticizes mainstream Christianity in favor of mystical Christianity, and thus favors a symbolic understand of scriptures and emphasizes how the life of Christ exemplifies an inner process of self-transformation related to symbols of spiritual initiation, and she emphasizes the universal aspect of these symbols, following mainly Gerald Massey. This texts deals largely with an erudite exegesis of the word, Christ, ''Christos''. Certain aspects have influenced modern New Age Christianity.
 
9- The Crucifixion of Man
[Lucifer, Vol. II, No. 9, May, 1888, pp. 243-250] Collected Writings, Vol. 9, pp. 264-275
Commentary on an article comparing Prometheus to the crucifixion of Christ, with references to the work of  J. Ralston Skinner.
 
10- Christian Lecturers on Buddhism, and Plain Facts about the same, by Buddhists
[Lucifer. Vol. II, No. 8, April, 1888, pp. 142-149] Collected Writings, Vol. 9, pp.142-154
Commenting on a lecture by Monier Monier-Williams, Blavatsky defends Buddhism using statistics and sources such as Chinese Buddhism, Joseph Edkins.
 
11- Star-Angel Worship in the Roman Catholic Church
[Lucifer, Vol. II, No. 11, July, 1888, pp. 355-365] Collected Writings,Vol. 10, pp.13-32
An esoteric commentary on the worship of the seven archangels and the story of the temple of Seven Spirits, especially built for them by Michelangelo: the famous church known as “St. Mary of the Angels.”, the Basilica of St. Mary of the Angels and of the Martyrs.

12- The Roots of Ritualism in Church and Masonry,
[Lucifer, Vol. IV, Nos. 19 and 21, March, 1889, pp. 32-44, and May, 1889, pp. 226-36] Collected Writings, Vol. 11, pp. 62-101
Another uncompleted ambitious series of articles, a comparative study of the esoteric and pagan roots of Christian ritual, referencing writers such as Jean-Marie Ragon. She contends that “The Initiates took perhaps the hint, and thus joining nolens volens the followers of the new faith, then becoming all domineering, acted accordingly. Some hellenized Jewish Gnostics did the same; and thus more than one “Clemens Alexandrinus”—a convert to all appearance, an ardent Neo-Platonist and the same philosophical pagan at heart—became the instructor of ignorant Christian Bishops. In short the convert malgré lui blended the two external mythologies, the old and the new, and while giving out the compound to the masses, kept the sacred truths for himself.’
 
13- Commentary on the Pistis-Sophia
A lengthy, fragmentary commentary on Gnostic mysticism that is remarkably original and insightful.
[Lucifer April, 1890, to April, 1891] H.P. Blavatsky, Collected Writings, Vol. 13, p. 1 http://www.katinkahesselink.net/blavatsky/articles/v13/ps_13.htm
 
14- Notes on the Gospel According to John 
[Lucifer, Vol. XI, No. 66, February, 1893, pp. 449-456] Collected Writings,Vol. 11, pp. 482-503
An esoteric and mystical commentary, notably on the opening verses and the wedding at Cana. Since there is an unusual amount of commentary on the Greek text, one can surmise a possible assistance from GRS Mead.
 
PS -  sound bite for her views on Christianity: 'Let them turn every cathedral and church into hospitals, refuges, homes for the homeless, and secular schools; and teach people daily morality instead of incomprehensible dogmas.' H. P. Blavatsky, CW v. 9, p. 85 [Lucifer, March, 1888]

Thursday, 16 March 2023

Blavatsky, Theosophy & The Wizard of Oz, Frank L. Baum

Frank L. Baum's Wizard of Oz has ensconced itself into the American socio-cultural fabric in so many wondrous ways, becoming something of an essential modern American archetypal myth, with a message that has been reformulating itself with every new generation. 
 
The original 1900 novel is one of the best-known stories in American literature, and the Library of Congress has declared the work to be "America's greatest and best-loved homegrown fairytale."  The Classic 1939 MGM film with Judy Garland is one of few films on UNESCO's Memory of the World Register. There are several popular musicals, such as The Wiz, won 7 tony awards, film soundtrack, 1978, did well, a 1995 film staging with Jewel, Jackson Browne, Roger Daltrey, Natalie Cole and Ry Cooder, and Wicked, 2003, won 3 tony awards and a Grammy. A recent comic book adaptation by Eric Shanower and Skottie Young made NY Times bestseller list, with numerous other cultural adaptations, with books and films being the subject of many academic studies.

Lately, people have been less shy in noticing that theosophist and major feminism pioneer Matilda Jocelyn Gage, Baum's mother-in-law, helped inspire Baum's writing of the story, and that Baum himself was a theosophist and theosophical aspects have inspired the story. How this fact is to be understood in terms of what theosophy means to American culture is an idea that is beginning to become more of a topic of historical reflection.
 
Baum bio that does not shy away from feminist, theosophical and spiritual elements
Finding Oz: How L. Frank Baum Discovered the Great American Story
Evan I. Schwartz Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2009
 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GZJ7hoJauPY

PBS American Experience 2021 Frank L. Baum documentary
‘American Oz’: L. Frank Baum doc traces ‘Wizard of Oz,’ ‘Wicked’ roots to author’s formative Chicago years
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rt19cuPSvc0
Dorothy’s stolen ruby slippers: a bizarre tale of obsession, small-town gossip and a police hunt that took 13 years When the famous ruby slippers from The Wizard of Oz were stolen from a museum in a small Minnesota town, it set off more than a decade of investigations, rumours, false leads, wild goose chases ... and eventually a big break.
 

Monday, 13 March 2023

Blavatsky and Anna Bonus Kingsford

In her Kingsford obituary, Blavatsky stated: 'And Anna Kingsford’s work will be still bearing fruit even when her memory has been obliterated with the generations of those who knew her well, and new generations will have approached the psychic mysteries still nearer.'
There has been an increase of interest in the life and work of Anna Kingsford in the last five years, especially in the areas of feminism, vegetarianism, Victorian history, animal rights, and influence on modern magick.
 
Of her writings, Blavatsky stated: 'The first and most important was The Perfect Way, or the Finding of Christ, which gives the esoteric meaning of Christianity. It sweeps away many of the difficulties that thoughtful readers of the Bible must contend with in their endeavours to either understand or accept literally the story of Jesus Christ as it is presented in the Gospels.' She brings to an interestingly eclectic mix of Christian mysticism, Greek Hermetism, Christian Alchemy and Kaballah a wider appreciation of comparative religion, especially Hindu and Buddhist notions of karma and reincarnation along with modern theosophical notions of spiritual evolution. Although firmly rooted in a traditional Christian mysticism, she embraces more open notions of perennialism and evolution.
 
Fota  ISSUE No 8 | Autumn-Winter 2017-2018
Friends Of Historical Archives Theosophical
34 Anna Kingsford Conference Report
Muriel Pécastaing-Boissière
36 Why the “Anna Kingsford Site” Was Created?
Arnaldo Sisson
41 Anna Bonus Kingsford & Edward Maitland
Elaine Bailey
She was well versed in the classics and had studied the neo-Platonists, the Christian mystic Jacob Boehme, and many other 17th Century esotericists including the magician astrologer William Lilly, Anna had also studied the Kabbala, and much more. Anna Kingsford had also studied Emanuel Swedenborg, read Joseph Ennemoser’s History of Magic, Mme Blavatsky’s Isis Unveiled and Eliphas Lévi’s works. 
 
Anna Kingsford and the Intuitive Science of Occultism 
Christine Ferguson, Aries, 22(1), 114-135
From the late 1870s onwards, Kingsford and Maitland had been working together to perfect their intuitive capacity through the production of The Perfect Way (1882), a work of Hermetic Christian exegesis written via ‘the operation of the mind’ which allowed the pair to ‘gain access to the interior and permanent region of our nature, and there to possess ourselves of the knowledge which in the long ages of her past existences the soul has made her own.’
 
Becoming What You Eat: Anna Kingsford's Vegetarian Posthuman
Natasha Rebry Coulthard, Victorian Literature and Culture , Volume 50 , Issue 2 , Summer 2022 , pp. 325 - 353 
Through a blend of Theosophy, dietetics, and chemistry, Kingsford promoted vegetarianism as gastro-ethical becoming-with whereby one could generate respectful multispecies kinships and alternative nonanthropocentric identities, promising (to use Eva Giraud's terms) material and symbolic changes to human being. 
 
Vegetarians, Vivisection and Violationism: Gender and the Non-Human Animal in Anna Kingsford’s Life and Writing  
Ruby Ekkel Lilith: A Feminist History Journal: Number 28, 2022
In foregrounding Kingsford’s vegetarianism, a movement frequently overlooked in existing scholarship on Victorian reformism and politics, this article challenges accounts that subsume the nuanced ideas of vegetarians and other animal protectionists within purportedly more significant causes.
 
The Unfinished Business of Anna Kingsford – Towards an Enchanted Animal Ethic  
This article takes seriously the claim made by 19th century antivivisectionist Anna Kingsford that experiments on animals constitute a type of malevolent sorcery, more specifically a demonic blood sacrifice. In so doing, the paper follows the work of Pignarre and Stengers in their explication of sorcery and how to “get a hold” of its operations despite its stupefying powers. 
https://trace.journal.fi/article/view/99270
 
Anna Kingsford’s Spiritual Thunderbolt  
  January 13, 2022 the Journal of Victorian Culture Online
Conversations about Kingsford today often focus separately on her animal rights activism, her Theosophical beliefs, or her career as a medical doctor, but these different aspects of her life were deeply intertwined. 

A mind is a terrible thing to waste... someone with...
Victorian Occultist
Dee Cunning January 5, 2018
What would Claude Bernard and Paul Bert tell us if they dropped by to the séance room? They sure as hell weren't the victims of psychic assassination. Bert died of dysentery in Hanoi while Bernard had been in ill health for some 17 years, with a disease of the very organs he spent his whole career studying, the pancreas and the liver, ironically leading to his slow demise.
 
Book review: Radical Victorians, The Women and Men who Dared to Think Differently, James Hobson
Chris Hallam, May 23, 2022
None of the nineteen figures lived to see their arguments become popular. Some of their outlandish notions, such as gender equality, freedom of the press and the notion of cremating the dead, have become widely accepted since. Others, such as socialism, vegetarianism and republicanism remain significant minority opinions, which are at least tolerated today. 
https://chrishallamworldview.wordpress.com/2022/05/23/book-review-radical-victorians-by-james-hobson/
 
Making magic Happen Selected Essays from the Inaugural Magickal Women Conference 2019
Anna Bonus Kingsford, the Woman Clothed with the Sun – Elaine Bailey 
The Magickal Women Conference held on 1 June 2019 was a major international gathering in London celebrating women in the occult, witchcraft, and esoteric traditions.  
https://www.hadeanpress.com/shop/making-magic-happen

Manga Anna Kingsford
Being made into a manga character is the official sign that you've been un-cancelled
A manga adaptation by Chuya Kogino began serialization in Monthly Shōnen Gangan since April 2007. J.C.Staff produced two 24-episode anime series between 2008 and 2011. An animated film was released in February 2013. A 26-episode third season aired between 2018 and 2019. Several spin-offs and other adaptations have also been made, including several video games.  
A Certain Magical Index, Toaru Majutsu no Indekkusu
 
Brian McAllister, the Lost Letters of Edward Maitland
https://imagier.co.uk/books/lost-letters-of-edward-maitland-by-b-g-mcallister/
 
Anna Bonus Kingsford and her Circle
Dr  James  Gregory  July 2007
Good biographical overview, with useful references
 
http://www.humanitarismo.com.br/annakingsford/EN/biographical-information-and-biographies/ 
 
 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Y726DprtWI 
 
The Virgin of the World [review by T. Subba Row]
Review by T. Subba Row of translation of the ancient Hermetica text, with answers by Anna Kingsford and Edward Maitland, and the answer to them by T. Subba Row.