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Saturday, 21 October 2023

Blavatsky and the top 20 American Theosophists

 Central Railroad Station in Rochester, NY designed by Claude Bragdon
Since the US is having a Pluto return over the next few years, I thought it opportune to propose the following compilation as a reflection on the not inconsiderable socio-cultural impact of theosophy on America. This is not so much a list of active participating members, but a rather a list of relatively famous, influential ones. 
 
1- Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815 – 1902)
Major early US feminist, her Woman's Bible is full of theosophical notions.
 
2- Abner Doubleday (1819 – 1893)
He is the very model of a modern major general... Was into transcendentalism and was a major early theosophist in the days of Blavatsky and Olcott. There is a statue of him west of Gettysburg on Reynolds Avenue.historicalspaghetti.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-my
3- Matilda Joslyn Gage (1826 – 1898)
Important feminist, advocate for abolition and Native American rights. spent time among the Iroquois & received the name- "she who holds the sky" - upon her initiation into the Wolf Clan, admitted into Iroquois Council of Matrons  
4- William James (1842–1910)
Philosopher, pragmatism, psychologist, & 1st educator to offer a psychology course in US A Theosophical Discipline: Revisiting the History of Religious Studies JĀJ Storm. ( JAAR ), Vol. 89, 4, Dec 2021
https://www.academia.edu/102895353/A_Theosophical_Discipline_Revisiting_the_History_of_Religious_Studies
 
5- Thomas Edison (1847 – 1931)
Thomas Edison (1847 – 1931) Madame Blavatsky Tracking Down Tinfoil Phonograph #158 Allen Koenigsberg The Antique Phonograph JUNE 2014 27-30 The TS bought a phonograph, Blavatsky was recorded, recording damaged, phonograph lost academia.edu/82205911/Ediso
6- Albert Spalding (1849 – 1915)
Pitcher, manager, & executive in the early years of professional baseball, & co-founder of A.G. Spalding sporting goods company Major figure in making good baseball gloves & balls & developing baseball into a major sport.
7- L. Frank Baum (1856 – 1919)
American author best known for his children's fantasy books, particularly The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, part of a series. 1939 adaptation of the first Oz book became a landmark of 20th-century cinema
8- Claude Bragdon (1866 – 1946) 
Architect, writer, & stage designer based in Rochester & New York City-remarkable books on sacred geometry, multi-talented.
Frank Loyd Wright possibly had some theosophical influence as well 
 
9- Charles Johnston (1867 – 1931) 
Irish writer, journalist, theosophist, naturalist, and Sanskrit scholar, married to the niece of Madame Blavatsky and was involved in the development of the Theosophical Society in the United States as of 1900.  First person to translate all the major Upanishads. 
 
10- Walter Y. Evans-Wentz (1878 – 1965)
The Comparative Study of Religion A Common Core of Theosophy in Celtic Myth, Yoga, and Tibetan Buddhism Jens Schlieter Occult Roots of Religious Studies 2021 
https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110664270-007/html?lang=en
 
11- Talbot Mundy (1879 – 1940) 
English writer of adventure fiction, US in 1909, joined TS 1923 compared with Haggard & Kipling, he adopted an anti-colonialist stance & positive interest in Asian religion & philosophy 
 
12- William Grant Still (1895-1978) 
Dean of African American Composers influenced by Theosophy via music therapist Evelyn Benham-Bull (1897-1983) but was more of a spiritualist. Symphony No.5 program notes here some seem to show Theosophical influence. More research needed.
 
13- Dane Rudhyar (1895 – 1985)
Astrologer, composer, painter New York City, 1916, association with Theosophy, began when asked to compose music in LA,1920. Married Marla Contento, secretary to independent Theosophist Will Levington Comfort, introduced him to Marc Edmund Jones 

14- Thornton Wilder (1897 –  1975) 
Playwright and novelist. He won three Pulitzer Prizes — for the novel The Bridge of San Luis Rey and for the plays Our Town and The Skin of Our Teeth — and a U.S. National Book Award for the novel The Eighth DayIn his last novel, The Eighth Day (1967), one of his characters gives quite a lengthy dissertation on reincarnation.
The Novelists and the Ancient Wisdom Philip Harris 1999
 
15- Ruth Crawford Seeger (1901–1953) 
Composer & folk music specialist. step-mother of Pete Seeger. 1924, began private piano lessons with Djane Lavoie-Herz, sparked Crawford's interest in theosophy & Scriabin, met Dane Rudhyar & Henry Cowell 
Toast 6 Nov 2019 

16- Judith Tyberg (1902–1980) 
Sanskrit scholar and orientalist. Founder and guiding spirit of the East-West Cultural Center in Los Angeles, California.  
 
17- Alonzo G. Decker Jr. (1908 –  2002)
A theosophist for all your power tool needs. Businessperson and engineer who served as the chairman of the board of Black & Decker. He is known for developing power tools for use in the home, including the first cordless electric drill, which helped create the do it yourself market. Throughout his life he was an active philanthropist. Served as trustee for Theosophical Society in America.
 
18- Alan Hovhaness (1911 – 2000) 
American-Armenian composer,one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, wonderful synthesis of east-west styles Spent time with composer Henry Cowell & theosophist colony of Halcyon in California
theosophyproject.blogspot.com/2023/01/alan-h 
 
19- Jackson Pollock (1912 – 1956) 
The bad boy of the group...compelling artist. Studied with Phillip Guston and Thomas Hart Benton. Through Frederic John de St. Vrain Schwankovsky—introduced to Theosophy, attended Krishnamurti’s camp-meetings at Ojai 
The Mysterious Rituals Of Jackson Pollock's Abstraction Ahmed Kheder
https://www.khederpaintings.com/post/the-mysterious-rituals-of-jackson-pollock-abstraction
 
20- Ian Stevenson (1918 –2007) 
Psychiatrist, founder & director of the Division of Perceptual Studies at the University of Virginia School of Medicine 
Theosophy & the Dissenting Western Imagination Dara Tatray Literature & Aesthetics Vol 21 N 1 June 2011 theosophicalsociety.org.au/articles/theos

Friday, 20 October 2023

Blavatsky and recent academic publications

I'm not really academically minded, and I certainly don't cover the academic scene as thoroughly as the previous Blavatsky News, but I do what I can.
Since the last book that I covered was from 2019, I do believe that I have some catching up to do. I think I can safely say that Blavatsky and theosophy are still going strong in the academic scene, there's still a healthy interest and vitality present and the depth and quality of research continues to improve. This list below is by no means comprehensive, simply a random compilation of works that I noticed in my various readings.
 
Has 2023 been the year where Blavatsky made a breakthrough in terms of recognition as important philosophical thinker? There have been precedents, but it's been a good year for Blavatsky in philosophy.
1-The Oxford Handbook of American and British Women Philosophers in the Nineteenth Century
Helena Petrovna Blavatsky: Blavatsky’s Place in the History of Philosophy
Tim Rudbøg 2023
engaged with philosophers, Kant, Fichte, Hegel, Leibniz, Spinoza, Schopenhauer, Spencer
2- Women Philosophers in Nineteenth-Century Britain
Alison Stone 2023
Develops ideas on Blavatsky and Besant present in journal article below.
 
Later Nineteenth-Century Women Philosophers on Mind and Its Place in the World 
Having received the hylo-idealists’ materials, Blavatsky singled out Naden’s writing for its “extremely attractive” style and published Naden’s short atheist piece “Autocentricism” (signed “C. N.”), plus two hylo-idealist letters, from Lewins and George McCrie. But, signing herself “The Adversary,” Blavatsky appended a critique of hylo-idealism, to which in fact she had already noted her objections in late 1887 when she read Naden’s “What Is Religion?”
 
Nice work. 15 papers that examine many facets of the TS relation to Hinduism and Buddhism mainly.

3- Imagining the East: The Early Theosophical Society 
 
Very interesting work. 13 papers cover a worldwide study of Theosophical influence.
4- Theosophy across Boundaries Transcultural and Interdisciplinary Perspectives on a Modern Esoteric Movement 
 
A quantum leap in Tantra history, with much on role of Theosophical Society, essential reading for the modern Yoga history field

 5
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Global Tantra
 
Good study, chapters 4 & 5 on theosophy. Since the previous work on this didn't include theosophy, a good ice-breaker
6- The Subtle Body: A Genealogy 
https://academic.oup.com/book/38999?login=false
 
11 articles, from medieval period to modern times, 3 specific theosophical papers
7- Innovation in Esotericism from the Renaissance to the Present
Palgrave Macmillan  2021
Editors: Georgiana D. Hedesan, Tim Rudbøg
Psychic Disciplines: The Magnetizer as Magician in the Writings of Jules Dupotet de Sennevoy (1796–1881)
Jean-Pierre Brach Pages 185-200
 
 
 Julie Chajes Pages 229-254
 
 Jeffrey D. Lavoie Pages 255-279
 
Cosmopolitan Religious Movements from 1875 to the Interwar Era
This book provides a comparative analysis of cosmopolitan (esoteric) religious movements, such as Theosophy, Groupe Independent des Études Ésotériques, Anthroposophy, and Monism, in England, France, Germany, and India during the late nineteenth-century to the interwar years. Despite their diversity, these factions manifested a set of common features—anti-materialism, embrace of Darwinian evolution, and a belief in universal spirituality—that coalesced in a transnational field of analogous cosmopolitan spiritual affinities. Yet, in each of their geopolitical locations these groups developed vastly different interpretations and applications of their common spiritual tenets
 
8 papers, at least three dealing with theosophy
9-   Occult Roots of Religious Studies 2021
On the Influence of Non-Hegemonic Currents on Academia around 1900
Edited by: Yves Mühlematter and Helmut Zander Volume 4 in the series Okkulte Moderne
  Jens Schlieter

 
 
Fun look at very contemporary, topical questions
10- Hermes Explains Thirty Questions about Western Esotericism
Edited by: Wouter Hanegraaff , Peter Forshaw and Marco Pasi
Egil Asprem Antoine Faivre Christine Ferguson Joscelyn Godwin Boaz Huss Massimo Introvigne 
 
11 papers that cover multi-cultural topics worlwide
11- New Approaches to the Study of Esotericism
Volume Editors: Egil Asprem and Julian Strube
 
Good study on relatively neglected early twentieth-century period of theosophy. Good coverage of The Voice of the Silence and T. Subba Row.
12- Annie Besant’s Pedagogy and the Creation of Benares Hindu University
Yves Mühlematter 2022
Volume 6 in the series Okkulte Moderne
 
PS- 
Musicology of Religion Theories, Methods, & Directions
Guy L. Beck SUNY series in Religious Studies 368 pp, 2023 
Blavatsky, early TS, could be credited much more, but very good, very theosophical approach, esoteric aspect, east/west comparative included
 
 

Sunday, 1 October 2023

Blavatsky, Vivekananda and the 1893 Parliament of the World's Religions, Chicago, part 2

On the occasion of the 130th anniversary of the 1893 Chicago World Religion Parliament, I'd like to present some links that comment on the relation of Theosophy to Vivekananda.
 
On September 11, 1893, at World Parliament of Religions held at Chicago, America, Swami Vivekananda gave a revitalizing speech by emphasizing the harmony of religions and enlightening the glory of India to the world. This day is marked as Universal Brotherhood Day in India and among the Ramakrishna Math centres in 22 countries worldwide.
 
Swami Vivekananda in India: A Corrective Biography 
Rajagopal Chattopadhyaya, 1999, p. 132
Was Vivekananda really the singular sensation of the 1893 Chicago World Religion Parliament? This biography suggests that there are no substantial news reports on record that go beyond indicating that he gave a well-received speech and that the actual sensation was the subsequent result of media buildup.
 

Evan Goldstein reviews 
Heathen, Hindoo, Hindu: American Representations of India, 1721-1893 
Michael Altman   (Oxford, 2017)
not a huge fan of conflating Theosophy with orientalism, but he covers Parliament of the World's Religions/ Chicago Fair Vivekananda
 
Swami Vivekananda, Reform Hinduism, Nationalism & Scientistic Yoga 
Karl Baier  Interdisciplinary Journal for Religion & Transf. in Contemp. Society 5 (2019) 230–257  
Last year, I wrote how US politics have theosophical aspects, same for India, decent intro roots of Hindu nationalism.
 
Vivekananda popularized the notion of involution, a term which Vivekananda probably took from western Theosophists, notably Helena Blavatsky, in addition to Darwin's notion of evolution, and possibly referring to the Samkhya term sātkarya. Theosophic ideas on involution has "much in common" with "theories of the descent of God in Gnosticism, Kabbalah, and other esoteric schools." According to Meera Nanda, "Vivekananda uses the word involution exactly how it appears in Theosophy: the descent, or the involvement, of divine consciousness into matter."[30]
Heehs, Peter (2020), "Sri Aurobindo's Theory of Spiritual Evolution", in Mackenzie Brown, C. (ed.), Asian Religious Responses to Darwinism: Evolutionary Theories in Middle Eastern, South Asian, and East Asian Cultural Contexts, Springer Nature
Antiracism & Spiritual Universalism. Japan, India, & the Development of Internationalism 
Akio Tanabe Apr 5, 2021 
Kinza Hirai Kakuzō Okakura, HS Olcott Anagarika Dharmapala Vivekananda Nikola Tesla World’s Parliament of Religions, 1893 to UNESCO, 1946  
 
“Hinduism, Theosophy, & the Bhagavad Gita within a global religious history of the 19th century
Michael Bergunder - (Theosophy across Boundaries, 2021)
very good text, historically accurate, detailed, precise, 1877-1905 discusses influence on Vivekananda  
 
Guru to the World: The Life and Legacy of Vivekananda
Ruth Harris Harvard, 2022
Recent bio has rather weak  coverage of Theosophy, research outdated 10-20 years, a few good bits on Dharmapala and William Q Judge.
 
There have been various exchanges and comments between Vivekananda and various theosophists. Overall, the commentaries from theosophists seem to have been generally supportive, with some criticisms. Vivekananda seems to have distanced himself from theosophy after the death of William Q Judge.

The Theosophist v16 December, 1894, p. 185 - Vivekananda's Appeal – anon

Theost y1895 v17 Dec Supplement p.15 - Swami Vivekananda in England - (The Standard) – anon

Theost y1897 v18 April Suppl. p.23 - Swami Vivekananda -- E.

Theost y1914 v35 February p790 - Svami Vivekananda & Theosophy -- anon
Good general overview